• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Cigarettes (10) having low efficiency filters (30), rods (15) of cut filler (20) having a low packing density, and paper wraps (25) having a high net permeabilities and low inherent permeabilities can yield good taste, low gas phase mainstream deliveries as well as low amounts of visible sidestream smoke. Typical cigarettes have relatively large amounts of volume expanded flue-cured tobacco materials as cut filler, paper wraps containing magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide, and relatively high levels of air dilution.
    公开号:SU1667622A3
    申请号:SU884355756
    申请日:1988-05-13
    公开日:1991-07-30
    发明作者:Альберт Перфетти Томас；Бенсон Норман Алан；Фрэнсис Дьюб Майкл
    申请人:Р.Дж.Рейнольдс Тобакко Компани (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to smoking tobacco products, such as cigarettes, namely cigarettes, which, when smoked, produce a small amount of concentrated side smoke.
    The purpose of the invention is to reduce the smoke formation of the resin-forming components and simultaneously increase the permeability and decrease the burning rate.
    FIG. 1 shows a cigarette, a longitudinal section, option; Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the typical structure of a wrapping material that can be used to make the smoking part of a tobacco product constituting the invention.
    The cigarette contains a rod 1 of smoking smoke-forming material,
    most of which is flue-cured tobacco by weight. The rod 1 is enclosed in a cylindrically folded wrapping material 2 in the form of cigarette paper containing an inorganic additive and having an initial permeability of less than 30 units. CORESTA. The inorganic additive is an inorganic oxide and / or inorganic hydroxide. The packing density of the smoking material inside the rod is 100-200 mg / cm 3. The wrapping material has a means of ensuring the permeability of cigarette paper at the cpeflCTBjSO sites - 140 units. CORESTA for enriching cigarettes with air at a level of at least 30%, while at one of the ends of the rod of smoking material it is longitudinally fixed with it mUNOs ON
    V | O u
    GO

    GO
    Each piece is in the form of a filter element 3, which provides 40% by mass or less of the removal of solid particles from tobacco smoke passing through a rod of smoking material.
    The inorganic additive may be magnesium oxide and / or magnesium hydroxide contained in an amount of 10-45% by weight, and the specific weight of the paper wrapper is 20-50 g / m.
    The smoking material may be expanded shredded tobacco and include a blend of oriental tobacco.
    The filter 3 has a cylindrical shape, and its diameter is equal to the diameter of the tobacco rod 1. The ends of the filter are open, forming a channel for the passage of air and tobacco smoke, filter 3 contains filtering material that is closed on the outer surface of a longitudinal cylindrical closed protective sheath 4.
    The filter element 3 is fastened to the tobacco rod 1 with the help of a mouthpiece wrap 5, which covers the entire length of the specified filter and at the same time the end part of the tobacco smoking rod. On the inner surface of the mouthpiece wrapper 5 is firmly attached to the adhesive with the outer surface of the protective sheath 4 of the filter and with the outer surface of the wrapping material 2 tobacco rod. The tobacco product in question is breathable or ventilated. For this, an appropriate technical solution is provided. In this case, it is a system of pores or perforations 6, each of which passes through the mouthpiece wrapper and protective filter casing.
    The wrapping material 2 has a width W (see Fig. 2), which is equal to the circumference of the cigarette forming, plus the overlap along the gluing line needed to make a cigarette. The wrapping material 2 or cigarette paper in question has a plurality of perforation pores 7, which are arranged linearly along the length of this paper. In contrast, pores 6 may be randomly disposed. The size, number and relative position of the individual pores 6 can be very different depending on the required characteristics of the cigarette being manufactured. The individual pores are shown on an enlarged scale in FIGS. 1 and 2.
    Typically, the tobacco smoking rod portion has a length in the order of 50-85 mm, and a circle with a generatrix of 16-28 mm. Tobacco rods and the cigarettes themselves of this type can be made with any necessary size using conventional cigarette making equipment and technology.
    In a typical embodiment, the filter has a length in the range of 20-35 mm with a circumference of about 16-28 mm. As a filter material, any passing material can be used, for example, cellulose acetate, polypropylene, tobacco material, etc. The filter case is made of ordinary cigarette wrapping paper; it can be either breathable or impermeable. Such a mouthpiece is capable of providing high levels of smoke mist air-enrichment in the smoking channel without filtering the smoke with a filter material such as cellulose acetate.
    In a smoking rod of a cigarette, different tobacco-filling material can be used, so as to ensure a relatively low packing density. Usually most of the filler in the smoking part of cigarettes is present in the form of smoked, forming tobacco material of the appropriate type, capable of dry sublimation. The basic tobacco material may be used in a mixture with other tobacco materials, for example, oriental tobacco, as well as in a mixture with tobacco surrogates. For this purpose, for example, cereal flakes such as rye, wheat, barley, etc. can be used. In a number of cases, certain amounts of Maryland or Berley Tobacco or so-called noble or special Tobacco can be used as impurity tobacco components to make the tobacco mixture. The tobacco materials may be used in a specially prepared form (e.g., as a fumed smoke-forming tobacco filler). In this connection, the tobacco material may be fluffed.
    Smoke-forming materials in the manufacture of cigarettes are usually used in the form of cut, split filler. For example, the main smoke-forming filler of cigarettes can be used in the form of sheets or stems, cut into fragments with a width in the range of 1 / 25-1 / 60 inch (1-0.4 mm), and preferably Order 1 / 30-1 / 40 inch (0.8-0.6 mm). In general, the length of the cut tobacco particles is in the order of 0.25-3 inches (6-77 mm).
    It is recommended to use in the tobacco filler of cigarettes more than 70% by weight of tobacco-dried smoke.
    material, more preferably more than 75% of such tobacco, and more preferably more than 80% of this tobacco. In cases where smoked tobacco cut filler is subjected to intensive fluffing in order to increase its volume, most of the volume of filling material in the tobacco mixture used falls on the specified fluff tobacco (for example, more than 80%, and often more than 90% of the volume of tobacco cigarette weight) .
    An example of a preferred tobacco filler material is a mixture containing about 10-20 wt.% Of eastern tobacco and 80-90 wt.% Of smoke-dried tobacco material capable of dry sublimation.
    In a preferred embodiment, the filler cigarette materials contain a relatively large portion of the porous, fluffed smoked tobacco material. The use of such loose tobacco materials makes it possible to manufacture smoking rods with a low packing density. A typical example of a smoked tobacco cigarette filler is a mixture consisting of 17% by weight of Oriental Tobacco and about 83% by weight of smoke-filled tobacco.
    The term packing density used refers to the mass of tobacco filler per unit volume of the smoking part of a cigarette. For tobacco products considered in the framework of the invention, the packing density varies in the range of 100-250 mg / cm 3; more typically, 100–200 mg / cm 3, and in a number of cases 130–180 mg / cm 3.
    Various flavoring flavors may be incorporated into the cigarettes. For example, tobacco fillers may be used with or without flavoring. In particular, menthol-type flavorings can be added to a cigarette according to known technology. If necessary, various organic acids may be added as flavoring agents to the chopped tobacco filler. This could be, in particular, levulinic acid, nicotine levulinate, or a mixture of levulinic acid and nicotine. Levulinic acid (levulose), nicotine levulinate, or a mixture of levulinic acid and nicotine may be added to the shredded tobacco filler in amounts that are generally 1-10% by weight of the tobacco filler mass of the cigarette.
    In a typical embodiment of the cigarette, the mouthpiece wrapping material is superimposed along the cylindrical forming on the filter and the adjacent end portion of the tobacco rod, the approach on the latter in the longitudinal direction by 3-6 mm. In general, cigarette wrapping paper is commonly used as a mouthpiece material. This material may have a different porosity. For example, it may have significant natural air permeability, or it may have an artificially created permeability zone with perforations, holes, or small pores (formed by mechanical means or using laser technology) to ensure that air enters the cigarette. The total surface area of the perforations and their location around the periphery of the tobacco product may vary in accordance with the requirements for its required characteristics.
    In a preferred embodiment, the air-consuming agent is positioned in the longitudinal direction of the cigarette in a certain filter section as far as possible from the inlet end of the cigarette. Maximum distance is predetermined by a number of prerequisites, such as restrictions on production and technological nature, associated with the type of mouthpiece used in cigarettes, as well as with the characteristics of the equipment used in cigarettes and technology. For example, for a filter with a length of 27 mm, the maximum distance between the air perforations can be 23–26 mm from its inlet end-slice. The maximum remote location of such ventilation perforations from the inlet end of the cigarette allows for the maximum level of ventilation for a given resin outlet, as well as the maximum pressure drop for a given filter and the smoking part of the cigarette.
    The term air enrichment (air choke, air ventilation) as used in the invention defines the ratio (expressed in%) of the volume of air sucked into a cigarette through a perforation system to the total volume of air and smoke aerosol passing through a cigarette at its inlet. mouthpiece cut. When performing air enrichment or ventilation of tobacco products related to the scope of the invention, the amount of additionally drawn in air may be different. In general, the amount of additional air drawn into the cigarette can exceed 30%, preferably more than 40%, and optimally more than 50%.
    In the general case, for cigarettes with a relatively small circumference along the generatrix (i.e. about 21 mm or less), the additional air pod may be less than for cigarettes of large diameter. The upper limit of additional air intake for a cigarette is less than 85%, and more often less than 75%.
    As used herein, the term drop, pressure drop as applied to a smoking article means the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure acting at the entrance to the smoking article and measured at a given flow rate through the article. In the general case, the pressure drop in size for cigarettes of the type in question exceeds 40 mm of water with m, more often more than 50 mm of water. with air mass flow rate of 17.5 ml / s.
    The most preferred wrapping materials for the smoking tobacco part of a cigarette are those that have a relatively low natural permeability and a relatively high effective permeability provided by a special treatment. By term 11 natural permeability is meant the air porosity of the wrapping material itself. Typically, cigarette wrapping papers with low intrinsic permeability have a porosity of less than 45 units. CORHSTA, preferably less than 30 units. And optimally in the order of 15 units. and less. The term effective permeability means the air porosity of a cigarette paper, acquired by it as a result of processing in the manufacture of tobacco rods of cigarettes. Typically, such increased permeability is created by microlaser, mechanical, or electrostatic piercing (perforation) of cigarette paper. In the process of performing microlaser and electrostatic punching, it is necessary to take measures to preserve the desired marketable color and type of paper used. In particular, it is most desirable to minimize or completely eliminate the sooting or beating of the paper, which spoils its appearance.
    Preferred wrapping materials in this case are cigarette paper materials containing in a mass ratio of 10-45% magnesium oxide and / or magnesium hydroxide, as well as flax, cellulose fiber and anti-inflammatory additives, such as potassium citrate or potassium carbonate, and
    other materials such as fillers. In many cases, cigarette paper containing more than 15% by weight of magnesium oxide and / or magnesium hydroxide is recommended.
    As a result of appropriate treatment, the wrapping materials are relatively permeable. For example, wrapping materials having
    0 low natural permeability, can be perforated by electrostatic method (in particular, with the formation of separate perforations comparable in size to conventional electrostatic
    5 holes), so that the final effective porosity is in the order of 50-250 units. CORESTA, and preferably 80-140 units, optimally in the range of 90-120 units.
    The dimensions of the individual perforations, which are made in cigarette paper to give it a high effective permeability, must be such that the perforations are larger
    5 natural pores in the original paper (i.e., the pores causing the natural permeability of the material). In order for cigarette paper to have an attractive appearance, the individual perforations must be sufficiently small and almost indistinguishable. For example, they should not be visible at first glance, and in most cases they are hardly distinguishable when viewed with the naked eye.
    5 The proposed cigarettes in general give out the CTS-tar in the range of 2-10 mg / cigarette, while the content of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke is lower than that of known cigarettes with a comparable level
    0 tar formation. The proposed cigarettes are characterized by a relatively low content of harmful gaseous products, such as carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen, in tobacco smoke passing through the central smoking channel. For example, the ratio of a CTA resin and CTA to carbon monoxide is typically less than 1. often less than 0.8, and in certain cases less than 0.6. Offered cigarettes give less
    0 smoke due to the relatively low total mass consumption of tobacco used in the form of fluff mass, grain - filler and / or carbonized materials. The definition of less than 5 das with respect to the cigarette in question means that the mass loss in standard GTS-smoking conditions is lower than when using ordinary cigarettes with a similar output of tar and a similar configuration. Mass loss
    measured by collecting the ash and measuring its mass and mass of the cigarette butt after smoking a cigarette and comparing it with its total mass in its original state. The total mass losses of a cigarette in the smoking process are directly related to the total amount of smoke produced by the cigarette. The proposed cigarettes in the general case have a mass loss of 15%, or even 25% less than the well-known cigarettes with a comparable yield of GTS-resin and a similar configuration.
    Offered cigarettes give less visible sidestream smoke than regular cigarettes of equalization configuration. The reduction in sidestream smoke when smoking offered cigarettes in many cases can be 50% or more compared to known cigarettes with a similar yield of HV-resin and a similar configuration.
    The term configuration in relation to a cigarette means the circumference of its generatrix, the length of the tobacco rod of the smoking part and the length of the filter. The collateral smoke generation of the cigarettes in question can be characterized by an olfactory perception: the cigarette to be analyzed has a less irritating effect for others than conventional cigarettes of comparable configuration and comparable GTS-resin yield.
    PRI me R 1. Cigarettes with a total length of 99 mm and a circle length along a generatrix of 24.85 mm have a tobacco rod 68 mm long and a filter 31 mm long. The tobacco rod (smoking part) is filled with tobacco cut filler wrapped in cigarette paper. The filler used to form the tobacco rod is in the form of fibers that are sliced about 32 times per inch (1 inch 25.4 mm). The original tobacco filler material was prepared in the form of a cropped mixture, which includes about 83% of dry-smoked tobacco with dry sublimation, which is dissolved with a doubling in volume, and about 17% of oriental tobacco. The tobacco mixture is moistened with water and molded with glycerin.
    Standard cigarette paper is used as a wrapping material for the smoking portion of cigarettes. This paper has a relatively high specific gravity, low permeability of tobacco smoke and contains about 40% magnesium oxide. This cigarette paper has a natural permeability of 15 units. CORESTA and specific gravity per unit of sheet area in the order of 45 g / m. The paper is perforated electrostatically to increase the working (effective) permeability to a level of 110 units. CORESTA. 5 The perforation system is shown in FIG. The size of each perforation is comparable to typical perforations, which are performed electrostatically in standard cigarette paper. AT
    In this case, the linear density of perforations is in the order of 1 to 10 units / mm, the distance between the linear rows of perforations is 1-3 mm.
    A low-efficiency (low-blocking) filter used in a cigarette is manufactured using conventional technology from cellulose acetate fiber (8 denier per thread, totally 40,000 denier: denier is a unit of mass of the thread). Breathable paper
    0 wrapper (filter sheath) has a porosity of 26,000 cm / min.
    A rod smoking tobacco part and a filter having the same diameter are connected in series with the ends
    5 butt Fasten them with mouthpieces with a porosity of 3000 ml / min. Said paper is glued to the filter and the adjacent end of the tobacco rod, completely covering the filter throughout
    0 length and entry on the specified rod 4 mm along its length. In this design, cigarettes have a ring of mechanically made perforations. enhancing breathability. This ring of perforations covers the periphery of a cigarette at a distance of about 26 mm from its entrance slice. Such perforations provide 53% air-enrichment of cigarettes.
    The mass of a cigarette is 0.8904 g, with
    In this, the tobacco filling material in the smoking part has a packing density of 155 mg / cm 3. The cigarette was checked for smoking under a CTA condition. The output of the GTS-resin was 7.3 mg, nicotine
    5 0.72 mg, carbon monoxide 6.4 mg. nitrogen oxides 37 µg, smoke figure 9.8.
    Cigarette has a good smoke, preserving the high taste of tobacco. In addition, for it is characteristic
    0 moderate drag resistance. Tobacco smoke coming through the main channel of the smoking part does not have sharpness; In general, the cigarette has good smoking qualities, while smoking creates a small
    5 amount of visible sidestream smoke.
    EXAMPLE 2 According to the technology and materials described in Example 1, the corresponding controlled cigarettes are made. The difference in this variant is that the mundigov paper has
    a porosity of 7000 ml / min, thereby providing 74% enrichment of the cigarette smoking channel with air.
    The mass of the cigarette is 0.8848. The process of smoking is carried out under HES conditions; the output of the CTA resin was 4.3 mg, nicotine 0.48 mg, carbon monoxide 3.3 mg, nitrogen oxides 21 μg; smoke absorption index 10.6.
    The cigarette in this embodiment has a good smoke generation, while maintaining the high taste of tobacco. In addition, it is characterized by moderate resistance to puffing. Tobacco smoke passing through the main channel of the smoking part does not have sharpness; In general, a cigarette has good smoking qualities, and when smoking it forms a small amount of visible side smoke.
    PRI me R 3. Make control cigarettes.
    Cigarettes have a length of about 84 mm and a circumferential length forming about 24.85 mm. The length of the rod smoking part is 57 mm, the length of the filter is 27 mm. The smoking portion contains the weight of the different tobacco filler described in Example 1. This filler is wrapped in cigarette paper described in Example 1. The nicotine content in the tobacco filler is 2.1%. By conventional technology, a low-efficiency filter is made from acetate cellulose fiber (8 denier per thread, totaling 40,000 denier). The filter is wrapped with an airtight paper casing with a porosity of 26,000 cm / min (CORESTA). The tobacco smoking rod and filter are connected coaxially with the ends and fastened together using non-porous mouthpiece paper. This paper is glued to the filter and the adjacent end of the tobacco rod, covering the filter along the generatrix over its entire length, and the tobacco rod over a length of about 3 mm. On cigarettes, a perforation ring was made with a laser to increase breathability. The perforations are placed on the periphery of the cigarette at a distance of 22 mm from its input cut. With such perforations, the finished cigarettes are enriched with air at about 73%.
    The mass of one cigarette is 0.7180 g. The packing density of tobacco filler in the smoking part is 152 mg / cm3. The smoking process corresponds to the CTA conditions; GTS-resin yield is 4.1 mg, nicotine 0.44 mg, carbon monoxide 2.8
    mg, nitrogen oxides 15 mg; smoke generation rate of 8.1.
    The cigarette in this embodiment has good smoke generation,
    preserves high tobacco taste with moderate drag resistance. Tobacco smoke passing through the channel of the smoking part does not have sharpness: in general, the cigarette has good smoking
    0 quality, when smoking forms a small amount of visible sidestream smoke.
    An evaluation was made of the olfactory perception of sidestream smoke from the cigarette in question by others. Test
    5 showed that the odor negative effect of sidestream smoke when smoking this cigarette is less than when smoking a conventional (known) cigarette with a comparable yield of HTS resin and a similar configuration.
    In addition, nicotine and soot with different particle size were assessed in sidestream smoke. The nicotine content in sidestream smoke was for
    5 of this cigarette is 1.97 mg, the total content of carbon black is 7.60 mg. In addition, cigarettes were evaluated for respiratory (inhalation) effects of aerosol suspended particles of smoke. Content
    0 non-settling aerosol in sidestream smoke was 93.1 µg / m3.
    For the sake of comparison, a control cigarette was used for testing, having received the name eta5 long cigarette. The mass of the reference cigarette is 1.019 g, length 83 mm, circumference along the generatrix 25 mm, length of the core tobacco-smoking part 56 mm, filter length 27 mm. So cigarette
    0 had mechanical perforations and, accordingly, 28% enrichment with air. A tobacco blend consisting of 35% of tobacco was used as the tobacco filler of the smoking part.
    5 smoked tobacco, about 22% of Berle tobacco, about 12% of eastern tobacco, about 1% of Maryland tobacco, about 30% of processed tobacco leaf, and about 8% of auxiliary filler. Content
    0 nicotine in such a tobacco mixture was 2.1%. The packing density of tobacco in the smoking part of a cigarette is 268 mg / cm3.
    A comparable reference cigarette was subjected to a control smoking at
    5 HTS conditions, with the yield of HTS resin was 9.2 mg, carbon monoxide 11.6 mg, nicotine in tobacco smoke 0.8 mg, and nitrogen oxides 340 μg; smoke emission is 9.2. As in the previous example, this cigarette is estimated; for the content of nicotine in the sidestream smoke, the content of soot and small non-settling aerosol inhalation effects in it. The tests showed that the side-smoke from such a sigch contains 5 3 mg of nicotine 25 3 and 408 µg / m of non-adjacent aerosol
    EXAMPLE 4 84 mm long cigarettes with a circumference of about 20 mm around the length of the tobacco-containing part of such cigarettes are 59 mm. 25 mm filter length The smoking section contains the appropriate portion of the cut tobacco filler. As part of the wrapping material in this part, cigarette paper is used, which is a sheet material with a relatively large specific gravity and a small yield of side smoke. It contains about 12% of magnesium oxide. cigarette paper has a natural permeability of 15 units of CORFSTA and a specific weight per unit area of 45 g / m2. The paper is perforated by electrostatic in the same way as in example 1. This is split to increase e permeability hardly aperturing acting CORESTA permeability was 110ed
    The tobacco cigarette smoking filler is used in the form of an ox, it or fragments of cut tobacco of that cut 32 cuts per inch (13 races / cm). The tobacco filler is a tobacco blend that contains 87% of the mainstream smoke of a tobacco. fused to double the volume and about 13% of eastern tobacco. This tobacco mixture is moistened with water and glycerin. Its nicotine content is about 23%.
    From cellulose acetate fiber (8 denier per thread, total 35,000 denier), a low-efficiency filter with an air-tight paper wrapper was made. After this was developed, the tobacco core part and the filter are fastened together with non-porous mouthpiece paper. To do this, the mouthpiece paper is glued. over its entire length and to the adjacent end portion of the tobacco rod. With the help of a laser device, an annular perforation is made to increase the air permeability of cigarettes. At the periphery of a cigarette at a distance of 23 mm from its input end, due to the presence of such perforations, air enrichment (air sub-pump) is 63%.
    Each cigarette of weight 0 540 i with this filler in the “main part”
    t
    has a packing density of 0 163 g / cm. The burnout rate of a cigarette in a statistical axis is 52 mg / min i mm / min. Cigarette vy 1 up 1 tdt ttn / sft gts conditionally at that c11 A. one gts of resin is 4 0 mg carbon monoxide content in tobacco smoke passing through the smoking part3 7 mg rt ixc nicot per 034 mg nitrogen oxides 173 µg smoke exhaust rate 5 9
    When smoking ttbachnni smoke possesses high taste qualities at resistance i tat le Forming u and in the smoking part of the smoke rosel doesn’t have a sharp effect on the whole coke LRTE gives the necessary smoke absorber when not smoking gives a little rotary smoke
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    (Claim 1 Cigarette containing a rod of chickens from a telmtod mother of a mother that removes it, most of which, by weight, reduces a pipe of a firebird to a prisoner in a cylindrical rolled up wrap of material containing inorganic predagku and having a raw material. ORf- SI A differs from the fact that in order to reduce the smoke from the formation of carbon-monoxide-repellent carbon monoxide and to simultaneously increase the permeability and decrease the speed of its injury, it is inorganic. Inorganic oxide and / or silt and inorganic hydroxide density on the smoking mother's curl im inside the rod is 100,200 mg / cm wrapping material having a cigarette paper that is pro- vided by the cigarette paper at the sites of the central 140 Г51А d / is the enrichment of HPP / HOM at HP level less than 30% nps — at one of the ends of the cif ry of the smoking material pr) to IKHOCOOCHO with it, the mouthpiece is fixed in Step 1 of the filtering section of 40 ° t by mass or mete TOI j removal of solid particles from the te ANC h o d (IMD passing through the rod and kuritp 1nogo mate rial
    [2]
    2 C / irapeTd according to claim 1 of i “. j j w w r h so that n orgnich (m to) elk is an oxide m) ii h i / and and magnesium hydroxide containing 10–45% by weight of coconut oil by 45 ° C with fd her paper wrapper stacks 2i rLi / M
    [3]
    3. A cigarette according to claim 1, wherein the smokable material is exfoliated shredded tobacco.
    [4]
    4. A cigarette according to claim 1, wherein the smokable material further includes a mixture of oriental tobacco.
    /
    G7
    // Phil. one
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0290911A3|1989-05-10|
    US4924888A|1990-05-15|
    JPS63287473A|1988-11-24|
    KR880013486A|1988-12-21|
    CN88102817A|1988-11-30|
    CN1012462B|1991-05-01|
    EP0290911A2|1988-11-17|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US07/051,104|US4924888A|1987-05-15|1987-05-15|Smoking article|
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